language80

Irish Lesson 80

PRONUNCIATION REVIEW

Pronounce the letter group "ae" (ay*) as if it were "é". The reason for this group is to allow a broad consonant to precede it. Examples: lae (lay*), of day, the genitive form of "lá"

tae (tay*), tea

traen (tray*n), train

Gael (gway*l), Gael

Note that a slender consonant before an "é" would give a different sound to the word above:

"lé" would differ from "lae", for which the broad "l" imparts a trace of (uh) sound between the "l" and "ae"

tévs tae

tréan vs traen

géill vs Gael and its faint (uh) or (wuh) sound between the "g" and "ae"

GRAMMER

Continuing with the first declension of nouns, we now take up other aspects of formation of the possessive or genitive case.

If a first-declension noun begins with a vowel, the vowel remains unchanged in the genitive, but the last consonant or sound will change to a slender one. Examples:

adhmad, praghas an adhmaid (EYE-muhd, preyes un EYE-mwid); timber, the timber's price

úll, blas anúill (ool, blahs un OO-il); apple, the apple's taste

aonach, láan aonaigh (AY*-nuhk*, law* un AY*-nee), fair, the day of the fair

If the word to be put into the genitive case begins with "s", a "t" will be placed before it and eclipse the sound of the "s", if the "s" is followed by a vowel or by "l, n, r". Learn these examples before trying to memorize the rule:

samhradh, láan tsamhraidh (SOU-ruh, law* uh TOU-ree), summer, the summer day

sagart, teach an tsagairt (SAH-guhrt, tahk* uh TAH-girt), priest, the priest's house

The genitive case follows many compound prepositions (having two words) in Irish. For example, "in aice" (in A-ke), means "near", and "near the house" is "in aice an tí" (in A-kuh TEE).

Other examples:

taréis (tahr AY*SH), after; taréis an amhráin (tahr AY*SH un ou-RAW*-in), after the song

le linn (le ling), during; le linn an dinnéir (le LING uh din-YAY*R)

Several simple prepositions, too, take the genitive. Two of these are: chun (k*un), to; chun an aonaigh (k*un un AY*N-nee), to the fair

timpeall (TIM-puhl), around; timpeall an chnoic (TIM-puhl uh K*NIK), around the hill

VOCABULARY

From now on, we will give the genitive singular and the plural for all nouns. Learn all the forms of each. For this lesson, the list will contain only first-declension nouns, all masculine.

urlár (oor-LAW*R), an t-urlár, an urláir (un oor-LAW*-ir), na hurláir; floor, the floor, of the floor, the floors

leabhar (LOU-wuhr), an leabhar, an leabhair (un LOU-wir), na leabhair; book, etc.

bord, an bord, an bhoird (un VWIRD), na boird (nuh BWIRD); table, etc.

casúr (kas-SOOR), an casúr, an chasúir (un k*ah-SOO-ir), na casúir; hammer, etc.

lón (lohn), an lón, an lóin (un LOH-in), na lónta (nuh LOHN-tuh); lunch, etc.

fear (far), an fear, an fhir (un IR), na fir; man, the man, of the man, the men

corcán (kohr-KAW*N), an corcán, an corcáin, na corcáin; pot, etc.

doras, an doras, an dorais (un DUH-rish), na doirse (DIR-she); door, etc.

mac, an mac, an mhic (un VIK), na mic (nuh MIK); son, etc.

dinnéar (din-YAY*R), an dinnéar, an dinnéir (un din-YAY*R), na dinnéir; dinner, etc.

arán (uh-RAW*N), an t-arán, an aráin (un uh-RAW*-in), na haráin; bread, etc.

os cionn (ohs KYOON), above (with the genitive)

os comhair (ohs KOH-ir), in front of (with the genitive)

DRILL

In the following word groups, say the noun and then combine it with the preposition taking the genitive. Example: for "lón, le linn", say "an lón, le linn an lóin".

dinnéar, taréis

bord, os comhair

casúr, in aice

teach, chun

leabhar, timpeall

samhradh, taréis

COMHRÁ

Deasún(dya-SOON): Féach! (FAY*-ahk*) Táfear an phoist (FWISHT) ag teacht -- timpeall an chúinne (K*OON-ye). Desmond: Look! The mailman is coming around the corner.

Cristín(krish-TEEN): Feicimé(FEK-im ay*). Tagann sé-- le linn an lóin -- i gcónaí. Cristine: I see him. He always comes during lunch.

Deasún:Nábac leis (naw* bahk lesh). Sin litir in aice an dorais. Suigh síos in aice an bhoird (VWIRD) -- arís (uh REESH). Cábhfuil an t-arán? (un tuh-RAW*N) Don't worry about it. There's a letter next to the door. Sit down next to the table again. Where is the bread?

Cristín:Os comhair an phláta (FLAW*-tuh). Cuir chugam píosa de, másédo thoilé. (kir HOO-uhm PEES-uh de, MAW* shay* duh HIL ay*). In front of the plate. Pass me a piece of it please.

Key to the drill:an dinnéar, taréis an dinnéir; an bord, os comhair an bhoird; an casúr, in aice an chasúir; an teach, chun an tí; an leabhar, timpeall an leabhair; an samhradh, taréis an tsamhraidh (uh TOU-ree).